Actividad antiplasmodial in vivo de las esponjas Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata / In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata sponges

Introducción: la búsqueda de nuevas sustancias antimaláricas incluye entre sus retos el desarrollo de alternativas para el tratamiento de la malaria cerebral, debido a la alta mortalidad y las deficiencias neurológicas persistentes después del tratamiento con los medicamentos recomendados actualmente. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad de fracciones orgánicas de Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata en el modelo de malaria cerebral producida por la infección de ratones C57BL/6 con Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Métodos: se evaluaron fracciones orgánicas obtenidas mediante cromatografía flash en fase inversa a partir de los extractos crudos de las dos especies. Se realizó un análisis químico cualitativo para detectar la presencia de saponinas, triterpenos/esteroides y alcaloides en estas fracciones. El efecto esquizonticida de las fracciones se determinó mediante la prueba de supresión de la parasitemia al inicio de la infección. Se evaluaron la supervivencia, los síntomas neurológicos y la reducción del peso corporal en los días subsiguientes. Resultados: las fracciones orgánicas de Mycale laxissima a dosis de 200 mg/kg y Clathria echinata a100 mg/kg no mostraron una disminución sustancial del peso de los animales o muertes hasta el día 4; para las cuales se obtuvieron reducciones significativas de las medianas de la parasitemia de 45 % y 53 %, respectivamente. La fracción de Mycale laxissima a 200 mg/kg produjo un incremento significativo en el tiempo de supervivencia hasta 20 d, mientras los animales tratados con Clathria echinata a 100 mg/kg presentaron una mediana de tiempo de supervivencia de 16 d. Ambos incrementos fueron superiores a 7 d. En este período, los animales tratados con las fracciones orgánicas de Clathria echinata y Mycale laxissima no presentaron los síntomas neurológicos observados en los controles. Esta prolongación de la supervivencia fue similar a la observada en presencia de dosis de 7,5 mg/kg de cloroquina. Conclusiones: las fracciones orgánicas de Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata mostraron actividades antimaláricas, promisorias en el modelo de infección de ratones C57BL/6 con Plasmodium berghei ANKA, que sugieren el estudio de sus constituyentes químicos activos.

Introduction: the search of new antimalarial compounds comprises, among its challenges, the development of therapeutic alternatives for cerebral malaria; due to the high mortality and neurological deficiencies that persist after treatment with recommended drugs. Objectives: to evaluate the activity of organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata in the cerebral malaria model of infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Methods: preparative fractions of both species were obtained by reverse-phase flash chromatography. In order to detect the presence of saponins, triterpenods/steroids and alkaloids, a qualitative chemical analysis was performed. The schyzontocidal effect of the extracts was determined by the suppression test at the beginning of the infection. Survival, neurological symptoms and body weight changes were evaluated in subsequent days. Results: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg and Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg showed neither substantial reductions of body weights, nor deaths of animals until day 4; but caused significant reductions of median parasitemia of 45 % and 53 % respectively. The fraction of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the median survival time up to day 20, whereas animals treated with Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg presented a survival of 16 days. Both increases the survival time 7 days. Neurological alterations were not observed in the groups treated with organic fractions when compared to the control group. This survival extension was similar to the effect of administration of 7.5 mg/kg of chloroquine. Conclusions: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata exhibited promising antimalarial activities in the infection model of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. This indicates that their active chemical constituents should be studied.

Actividad antiplasmodial in vivo de las esponjas Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata / In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata sponges

Introducción: la búsqueda de nuevas sustancias antimaláricas incluye entre sus retos el desarrollo de alternativas para el tratamiento de la malaria cerebral, debido a la alta mortalidad y las deficiencias neurológicas persistentes después del tratamiento con los medicamentos recomendados actualmente. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad de fracciones orgánicas de Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata en el modelo de malaria cerebral producida por la infección de ratones C57BL/6 con Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Métodos: se evaluaron fracciones orgánicas obtenidas mediante cromatografía flash en fase inversa a partir de los extractos crudos de las dos especies. Se realizó un análisis químico cualitativo para detectar la presencia de saponinas, triterpenos/esteroides y alcaloides en estas fracciones. El efecto esquizonticida de las fracciones se determinó mediante la prueba de supresión de la parasitemia al inicio de la infección. Se evaluaron la supervivencia, los síntomas neurológicos y la reducción del peso corporal en los días subsiguientes. Resultados: las fracciones orgánicas de Mycale laxissima a dosis de 200 mg/kg y Clathria echinata a100 mg/kg no mostraron una disminución sustancial del peso de los animales o muertes hasta el día 4; para las cuales se obtuvieron reducciones significativas de las medianas de la parasitemia de 45 por ciento y 53 por ciento, respectivamente. La fracción de Mycale laxissima a 200 mg/kg produjo un incremento significativo en el tiempo de supervivencia hasta 20 d, mientras los animales tratados con Clathria echinata a 100 mg/kg presentaron una mediana de tiempo de supervivencia de 16 d. Ambos incrementos fueron superiores a 7 d. En este período, los animales tratados con las fracciones orgánicas de Clathria....(AU)

Introduction: the search of new antimalarial compounds comprises, among its challenges, the development of therapeutic alternatives for cerebral malaria; due to the high mortality and neurological deficiencies that persist after treatment with recommended drugs. Objectives: to evaluate the activity of organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata in the cerebral malaria model of infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Methods: preparative fractions of both species were obtained by reverse-phase flash chromatography. In order to detect the presence of saponins, triterpenods/steroids and alkaloids, a qualitative chemical analysis was performed. The schyzontocidal effect of the extracts was determined by the suppression test at the beginning of the infection. Survival, neurological symptoms and body weight changes were evaluated in subsequent days. Results: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg and Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg showed neither substantial reductions of body weights, nor deaths of animals until day 4; but caused significant reductions of median parasitemia of 45 % and 53 % respectively. The fraction of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the median survival time up to day 20, whereas animals treated with Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg presented a survival of 16 days. Both increases the survival time 7 days. Neurological alterations were not observed in the groups treated with organic fractions when compared to the control group. This survival extension was similar to the effect of administration of 7.5 mg/kg of chloroquine. Conclusions: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata exhibited promising antimalarial activities in the infection model of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. This indicates that their active chemical constituents should be studied.(AU)

[In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata sponges]. / Actividad antiplasmodial in vivo de las esponjas Mycale laxissima y Clathria echinata.

INTRODUCTION: the search of new antimalarial compounds comprises, among its challenges, the development of therapeutic alternatives for cerebral malaria; due to the high mortality and neurological deficiencies that persist after treatment with recommended drugs. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the activity of organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata in the cerebral malaria model of infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. METHODS: preparative fractions of both species were obtained by reverse-phase flash chromatography. In order to detect the presence of saponins, triterpenods/steroids and alkaloids, a qualitative chemical analysis was performed. The schyzontocidal effect of the extracts was determined by the suppression test at the beginning of the infection. Survival, neurological symptoms and body weight changes were evaluated in subsequent days. RESULTS: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg and Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg showed neither substantial reductions of body weights, nor deaths of animals until day 4; but caused significant reductions of median parasitemia of 45 % and 53 % respectively. The fraction of Mycale laxissima at 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the median survival time up to day 20, whereas animals treated with Clathria echinata at 100 mg/kg presented a survival of 16 days. Both increases the survival time 7 days. Neurological alterations were not observed in the groups treated with organic fractions when compared to the control group. This survival extension was similar to the effect of administration of 7.5 mg/kg of chloroquine. CONCLUSIONS: the organic fractions of Mycale laxissima and Clathria echinata exhibited promising antimalarial activities in the infection model of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. This indicates that their active chemical constituents should be studied.

Actividad antimalárica de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bixa orellana L. / Antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Bixa orellana L.

Introducción: Bixa orellana L. es una especie usada en la medicina tradicional de países de diversos continentes. Entre las propiedades medicinales que se le atribuyen se incluye su acción antimalárica. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antimalárica in vitro e in vivo de un extracto de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba. Métodos: la actividad antimalárica del extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de Bija se evaluó in vitro frente a la cepa Ghana de Plasmodium falciparum e in vivo utilizando un modelo de malaria de roedores, ratones Balb/c infectados con la cepa ANKA de Plasmodium berghei. La citotoxicidad se determinó frente a fibroblastos humanos de la línea MRC-5. Además, se caracterizó preliminarmente la composición fitoquímica del extracto estudiado. Resultados: el extracto exhibió un valor de concentración inhibitoria media de 11,6 µg/mL, concentración citotóxica media de 60,2 µg/mL e índice de selectividad de 5,1. La administración subcutánea del extracto a la dosis de 500 mg/kg causó una reducción de 50,3 ± 5,8 por ciento de la parasitemia en los animales infectados en comparación con la observada en los controles. El tamizaje fitoquímico fue consistente con la detección de triterpenoides y(o) esteroides, alcaloides, compuestos lactónicos, compuestos fenólicos, taninos y flavonoides. Conclusiones: el extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba mostró actividad antimalárica moderada tanto in vitro como in vivo. El fraccionamiento guiado por bioensayos permitiría identificar las moléculas responsables de la actividad demostrada por este extracto y reevaluar sus potencialidades.

Introduction: Bixa orellana L. is one species used in traditional herb medicine in several continents. Among the medicinal properties attributed to this plant, the antimalarial action has been included. Objective: to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of extract from B. orellana grown in Cuba. Methods: the antimalarial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract fro Bija seeds was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum Ghana strain and in vivo using a model of murine malaria, that is, Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Citotoxicity was determined against MRC-5 human fibroblasts. Additionally, phytochemical composition of the studied extract was preliminarily informed. Results: the extract exhibited IC50 (Medium Inhibitory Concentration) of 11.6 µg/mL, CC50 (Medium Citotoxic Concentration) of 60.2 µg/mL and SI (Selectivity Index) of 5.1. Subcutaneous administration of the extract at a 500 mg/kg dose caused parasitemia reduction of 50.3 ± 5.8 percent on infected animals compared with that of the controls. Phytochemical screening was consistent with detection of triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, lactonic compounds, phenols, tanins and flavonoids. Conclusions: the hydroalcoholic extract from B. orellana seeds grown in Cuba showed in vitro and in vivo moderate antimalarial activity. Bioassay-guided fractioning will allow identifying the molecules responsible for the exhibited extract activity and re-evaluating the potentialities of this extract.

Actividad antimalárica de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bixa orellana L / Antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Bixa orellana L

Introducción: Bixa orellana L. es una especie usada en la medicina tradicional de países de diversos continentes. Entre las propiedades medicinales que se le atribuyen se incluye su acción antimalárica. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antimalárica in vitro e in vivo de un extracto de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba. Métodos: la actividad antimalárica del extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de Bija se evaluó in vitro frente a la cepa Ghana de Plasmodium falciparum e in vivo utilizando un modelo de malaria de roedores, ratones Balb/c infectados con la cepa ANKA de Plasmodium berghei. La citotoxicidad se determinó frente a fibroblastos humanos de la línea MRC-5. Además, se caracterizó preliminarmente la composición fitoquímica del extracto estudiado. Resultados: el extracto exhibió un valor de concentración inhibitoria media de 11,6 Ág/mL, concentración citotóxica media de 60,2 Ág/mL e índice de selectividad de 5,1. La administración subcutánea del extracto a la dosis de 500 mg/kg causó una reducción de 50,3 ± 5,8 por ciento de la parasitemia en los animales infectados en comparación con la observada en los controles. El tamizaje fitoquímico fue consistente con la detección de triterpenoides y(o) esteroides, alcaloides, compuestos lactónicos, compuestos fenólicos, taninos y flavonoides. Conclusiones: el extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba mostró actividad antimalárica moderada tanto in vitro como in vivo. El fraccionamiento guiado por bioensayos permitiría identificar las moléculas responsables de la actividad demostrada por este extracto y reevaluar sus potencialidades(AU)

Introduction: Bixa orellana L. is one species used in traditional herb medicine in several continents. Among the medicinal properties attributed to this plant, the antimalarial action has been included. Objective: to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of extract from B. orellana grown in Cuba. Methods: the antimalarial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract fro Bija seeds was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum Ghana strain and in vivo using a model of murine malaria, that is, Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Citotoxicity was determined against MRC-5 human fibroblasts. Additionally, phytochemical composition of the studied extract was preliminarily informed. Results: the extract exhibited IC50 (Medium Inhibitory Concentration) of 11.6 Ág/mL, CC50 (Medium Citotoxic Concentration) of 60.2 Ág/mL and SI (Selectivity Index) of 5.1. Subcutaneous administration of the extract at a 500 mg/kg dose caused parasitemia reduction of 50.3 ± 5.8 percent on infected animals compared with that of the controls. Phytochemical screening was consistent with detection of triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, lactonic compounds, phenols, tanins and flavonoids. Conclusions: the hydroalcoholic extract from B. orellana seeds grown in Cuba showed in vitro and in vivo moderate antimalarial activity. Bioassay-guided fractioning will allow identifying the molecules responsible for the exhibited extract activity and re-evaluating the potentialities of this extract(AU)

Actividad antimalárica y citotoxicidad de extractos hidroalcohólicos de seis especies de plantas usadas en la medicina tradicional cubana / Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from six plant species used in Cuban traditional medicine

INTRODUCCIÓN: la malaria es la enfermedad parasitaria de mayor importancia para la salud mundial. La carencia de diversidad estructural de los antimaláricos en uso convierte en una necesidad urgente la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas. Las plantas han demostrado su potencial para proveer antimaláricos efectivos. Una amplia muestra de plantas medicinales cubanas están siendo estudiadas con este propósito. OBJETIVO: evaluar la actividad antimalárica de extractos de 6 especies de plantas y determinar su selectividad midiendo la citotoxicidad frente a células humanas. MÉTODOS: se prepararon extractos hidroalcohólicos de partes aéreas de: Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. y Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. La actividad de los extractos se evaluó in vitro frente a Plasmodium falciparum y fibroblastos humanos MRC-5. Se calcularon la concentración inhibitoria media, concentración citotóxica media y el índice de selectividad. Se realizó un tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar del extracto más activo. RESULTADOS: solo el extracto de H. crepitans mostró buena actividad antiplasmodial (concentración inhibitoria media de 5,7 µg/mL) con excelente selectividad (índice de selectividad de 18,8). El tamizaje fitoquímico reveló la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, triterpenoides, alcaloides, quinonas, flavonoides y antocianidinas. CONCLUSIONES: se obtuvo un extracto con potente actividad antimalárica in vitro. Este resultado induce a continuar estudiando esta preparación vegetal.

INTRODUCTION: malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown their potential to provide effective antimalarials, therefore, a large sample of Cuban medicinal plants is being studied. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate antimalarial activity of extracts from six plant species and to determine their selectivity by meassuring cytotoxicity against human cells. METHODS: hydroalcoholic extracts from Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. and Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. were prepared. Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and human fibroblasts MRC-5. The mean inhibitory concentration, the mean cytotoxic concentration and the selectivity index were estimated. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the most active extract was made. RESULTS: H. crepitans extract was the only one that showed good antiplasmodial activity (mean inhibitory concentration of 5.7 µg/mL) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index of 18.8). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. CONCLUSIONS: one extract with potent antimalarial activity in vitro was obtained. This result is an incentive to continue studying this vegetal preparation.

Actividad antimalárica y citotoxicidad de extractos hidroalcohólicos de seis especies de plantas usadas en la medicina tradicional cubana / Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from six plant species used in Cuban traditional medicine

INTRODUCCIÓN: la malaria es la enfermedad parasitaria de mayor importancia para la salud mundial. La carencia de diversidad estructural de los antimaláricos en uso convierte en una necesidad urgente la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas. Las plantas han demostrado su potencial para proveer antimaláricos efectivos. Una amplia muestra de plantas medicinales cubanas están siendo estudiadas con este propósito. OBJETIVO: evaluar la actividad antimalárica de extractos de 6 especies de plantas y determinar su selectividad midiendo la citotoxicidad frente a células humanas. MÉTODOS: se prepararon extractos hidroalcohólicos de partes aéreas de: Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. y Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. La actividad de los extractos se evaluó in vitro frente a Plasmodium falciparum y fibroblastos humanos MRC-5. Se calcularon la concentración inhibitoria media, concentración citotóxica media y el índice de selectividad. Se realizó un tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar del extracto más activo. RESULTADOS: solo el extracto de H. crepitans mostró buena actividad antiplasmodial (concentración inhibitoria media de 5,7 Ág/mL) con excelente selectividad (índice de selectividad de 18,8). El tamizaje fitoquímico reveló la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, triterpenoides, alcaloides, quinonas, flavonoides y antocianidinas. CONCLUSIONES: se obtuvo un extracto con potente actividad antimalárica in vitro. Este resultado induce a continuar estudiando esta preparación vegetal(AU)

INTRODUCTION: malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown their potential to provide effective antimalarials, therefore, a large sample of Cuban medicinal plants is being studied. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate antimalarial activity of extracts from six plant species and to determine their selectivity by meassuring cytotoxicity against human cells. METHODS: hydroalcoholic extracts from Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. and Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. were prepared. Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and human fibroblasts MRC-5. The mean inhibitory concentration, the mean cytotoxic concentration and the selectivity index were estimated. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the most active extract was made. RESULTS: H. crepitans extract was the only one that showed good antiplasmodial activity (mean inhibitory concentration of 5.7 Ág/mL) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index of 18.8). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. CONCLUSIONS: one extract with potent antimalarial activity in vitro was obtained. This result is an incentive to continue studying this vegetal preparation(AU)

[Antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Bixa orellana L]. / Actividad antimalárica de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bixa orellana L.

INTRODUCTION: Bixa orellana L. is one species used in traditional herb medicine in several continents. Among the medicinal properties attributed to this plant, the antimalarial action has been included. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of extract from B. orellana grown in Cuba. METHODS: the antimalarial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract fro Bija seeds was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum Ghana strain and in vivo using a model of murine malaria, that is, Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Citotoxicity was determined against MRC-5 human fibroblasts. Additionally, phytochemical composition of the studied extract was preliminarily informed. RESULTS: the extract exhibited IC50 (medium inhibitory concentration) of 11.6 microg/mL, CC50 (medium citotoxic concentration) of 60.2 microg/mL and SI (selectivity index) of 5.1. Subcutaneous administration of the extract at a 500 mg/kg dose caused parasitemia reduction of 50.3 +/- 5.8 % on infected animals compared with that of the controls. Phytochemical screening was consistent with detection of triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, lactonic compounds, phenols, tanins and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS: the hydroalcoholic extract from B. orellona seeds grown in Cuba showed in vitro and in vivo moderate antimalarial activity. Bioassay-guided fractioning will allow identifying the molecules responsible for the exhibited extract activity and re-evaluating the potentialities of this extract.

[Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from six plant species used in Cuban traditional medicine]. / Actividad antimalárica y citotoxicidad de extractos hidroalcohólicos de seis especies de plantas usadas en la medicina tradicional cubana.

INTRODUCTION: Malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown their potential to provide effective antimalarials, therefore, a large sample of Cuban medicinal plants is being studied. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate antimalarial activity of extracts from six plant species and to determine their selectivity by meassuring cytotoxicity against human cells. METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extracts from Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. and Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. were prepared. Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and human fibroblasts MRC-5. The mean inhibitory concentration, the mean cytotoxic concentration and the selectivity index were estimated. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the most active extract was made. RESULTS: H. cre-pitans extract was the only one that showed good antiplasmodial activity (mean inhibitory concentration of 5,7 microg/mL) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index of 18,8). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. CONCLUSIONS: One extract with potent antimalarial activity in vitro was obtained. This result is an incentive to continue studying this vegetal preparation.

Evaluación de la toxicidad de extractos de plantas cubanas con posible acción antiparasitaria utilizando larvas de Artemia salina L. / Evaluation of toxicity of Cuban plant extracts with possible antiparasitic action based on the use of Artemia salina larvae

INTRODUCCIÓN: el ensayo de letalidad de Artemia salina es considerado una herramienta útil para la determinación preliminar de toxicidad de extractos de plantas. En nuestros laboratorios se estudian las potencialidades antiparasitarias de varias especies de plantas. OBJETIVO: evaluar la mortalidad causada por extractos etanólicos de plantas medicinales cubanas sobre larvas de A. salina. MÉTODOS: las larvas de A. salina se expusieron durante 24 h a 4 concentraciones de los 35 extractos etanólicos, pertenecientes a 34 especies de plantas. Se determinó la concentración letal media (CL50), lo cual permitió asignar cada extracto a las categorías de extremadamente tóxico, muy tóxico, moderadamente tóxico y no tóxico. RESULTADOS: del total de extractos evaluados solo 5 (Artemisia absinthium, Luffa cylindrica, Melia azedarach, Melaleuca leucadendron y Simarouba glauca) resultaron extremadamente tóxicos o muy tóxicos, 13 moderadamente tóxicos, mientras que 17 extractos (48,5 %) se clasificaron como no tóxicos al exhibir valores de CL50 superiores a 1 000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONES: la mayoría de los extractos evaluados mostraron baja toxicidad en este modelo, lo cual resulta favorable. Los 5 extractos de mayor toxicidad no serán incluidos en estudios posteriores.

INTRODUCTION: Artemia salina lethality assay is considered a useful tool to determine preliminary toxicity of plant extracts. In our labs some plant species are studied because of their antiparasitic potentials. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate A. salina nauplii mortality caused by ethanol extracts of Cuban medicinal plants. METHODS: A. salina larvae were exposed to four concentrations of 35 ethanol extracts from 34 plant species, for 24 hours. Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) was determined to classify each extract into the categories of extremely toxic, highly toxic, mildly toxic or non toxic. RESULTS: out of the tested extracts, only 5 (Artemisia absinthium, Luffa cylindrica, Melia azedarach, Melaleuca leucadendron and Simarouba glauca) were classified as extremely or highly toxic, 13 as mildly toxic whereas 17 extracts (48,5 %) were non toxic exhibiting LC50 values over 1 000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: most of the evaluated extracts showed low toxicity, which is a positive result. The five extremely toxic extracts will not be included in further studies.

Evaluación de la toxicidad de extractos de plantas cubanas con posible acción antiparasitaria utilizando larvas de Artemia salina L / Evaluation of toxicity of Cuban plant extracts with possible antiparasitic action based on the use of Artemia salina larvae

INTRODUCCIÓN: el ensayo de letalidad de Artemia salina es considerado una herramienta útil para la determinación preliminar de toxicidad de extractos de plantas. En nuestros laboratorios se estudian las potencialidades antiparasitarias de varias especies de plantas. OBJETIVO: evaluar la mortalidad causada por extractos etanólicos de plantas medicinales cubanas sobre larvas de A. salina. MÉTODOS: las larvas de A. salina se expusieron durante 24 h a 4 concentraciones de los 35 extractos etanólicos, pertenecientes a 34 especies de plantas. Se determinó la concentración letal media (CL50), lo cual permitió asignar cada extracto a las categorías de extremadamente tóxico, muy tóxico, moderadamente tóxico y no tóxico. RESULTADOS: del total de extractos evaluados solo 5 (Artemisia absinthium, Luffa cylindrica, Melia azedarach, Melaleuca leucadendron y Simarouba glauca) resultaron extremadamente tóxicos o muy tóxicos, 13 moderadamente tóxicos, mientras que 17 extractos (48,5 por ciento) se clasificaron como no tóxicos al exhibir valores de CL50 superiores a 1 000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONES: la mayoría de los extractos evaluados mostraron baja toxicidad en este modelo, lo cual resulta favorable. Los 5 extractos de mayor toxicidad no serán incluidos en estudios posteriores(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Artemia salina lethality assay is considered a useful tool to determine preliminary toxicity of plant extracts. In our labs some plant species are studied because of their antiparasitic potentials. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate A. salina nauplii mortality caused by ethanol extracts of Cuban medicinal plants. METHODS: A. salina larvae were exposed to four concentrations of 35 ethanol extracts from 34 plant species, for 24 hours. Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) was determined to classify each extract into the categories of extremely toxic, highly toxic, mildly toxic or non toxic. RESULTS: out of the tested extracts, only 5 (Artemisia absinthium, Luffa cylindrica, Melia azedarach, Melaleuca leucadendron and Simarouba glauca) were classified as extremely or highly toxic, 13 as mildly toxic whereas 17 extracts (48,5 percent) were non toxic exhibiting LC50 values over 1 000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: most of the evaluated extracts showed low toxicity, which is a positive result. The five extremely toxic extracts will not be included in further studies(AU)